Works Overview

Schema reference for Works entities

Works are scholarly documents like journal articles, books, datasets, and theses. OpenAlex indexes hundreds of millions of works.

Filter, sort, and group_by fields

The API supports filtering, sorting, and grouping on works fields. See Filtering, Sorting, and Grouping for syntax.

Fields marked (deprecated) are .search filters — use the search parameter instead.

Top-level

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
authors_count	✓	✓	✓
best_open_version	✓	✓	✓
cited_by			✓
cited_by_count	✓	✓	✓
cites			✓
concepts_count	✓	✓	✓
corresponding_author_ids	✓	✓	✓
corresponding_institution_ids	✓	✓	✓
countries_distinct_count	✓	✓	✓
created_date	✓		✓
datasets	✓	✓	✓
display_name	✓		✓
doi	✓		✓
doi_starts_with	✓	✓	✓
from_created_date	✓		✓
from_publication_date	✓		✓
fulltext_origin	✓	✓	✓
fwci	✓		✓
has_abstract		✓	✓
has_doi	✓	✓	✓
has_embeddings			✓
has_fulltext	✓	✓	✓
has_oa_accepted_or_published_version		✓	✓
has_oa_submitted_version		✓	✓
has_old_authors		✓	✓
has_orcid	✓	✓	✓
has_pdf_url	✓	✓	✓
has_pmcid	✓	✓	✓
has_pmid	✓	✓	✓
has_raw_affiliation_strings		✓	✓
has_references	✓	✓	✓
indexed_in	✓	✓	✓
institutions_distinct_count	✓	✓	✓
is_corresponding	✓	✓	✓
is_oa		✓	✓
is_paratext (deprecated — use type:paratext)	✓	✓	✓
is_retracted	✓	✓	✓
is_xpac	✓	✓	✓
journal	✓	✓	✓
language	✓	✓	✓
locations_count	✓	✓	✓
mag	✓		✓
mag_only		✓	✓
oa_status		✓	✓
openalex	✓	✓	✓
openalex_id		✓	✓
pmcid	✓		✓
pmid	✓		✓
publication_date	✓		✓
publication_year	✓	✓	✓
raw_affiliation_strings	✓	✓	✓
referenced_works	✓		✓
referenced_works_count	✓	✓	✓
related_to			✓
repository	✓	✓	✓
to_created_date	✓		✓
to_publication_date	✓		✓
to_updated_date	✓		✓
topics_count			✓
type	✓	✓	✓
updated_date	✓		✓
version	✓	✓	✓

Abstract

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
abstract.search (deprecated)			✓
abstract.search.no_stem (deprecated)			✓

Apc List

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
apc_list.currency	✓	✓	✓
apc_list.provenance	✓	✓	✓
apc_list.value	✓	✓	✓
apc_list.value_usd	✓	✓	✓

Apc Paid

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
apc_paid.currency	✓	✓	✓
apc_paid.provenance	✓	✓	✓
apc_paid.value	✓	✓	✓
apc_paid.value_usd	✓	✓	✓

Author

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
author.id		✓	✓
author.orcid		✓	✓

Authorships

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
authorships.affiliations.institution_ids	✓	✓	✓
authorships.author.id	✓	✓	✓
authorships.author.orcid	✓	✓	✓
authorships.countries	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.continent	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.country_code	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.id	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.is_global_south	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.lineage	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.ror	✓	✓	✓
authorships.institutions.type	✓	✓	✓
authorships.is_corresponding	✓	✓	✓

Awards

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
awards.doi	✓	✓	✓
awards.funder_award_id	✓	✓	✓
awards.funder_display_name	✓	✓	✓
awards.funder_id	✓	✓	✓
awards.id	✓	✓	✓

Best Oa Location

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
best_oa_location.is_accepted	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.is_published	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.landing_page_url	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.license	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.license_id	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.raw_type			✓
best_oa_location.source.host_organization	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.host_organization_lineage	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.id	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.is_in_doaj	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.issn	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.source.type	✓	✓	✓
best_oa_location.version	✓	✓	✓

Biblio

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
biblio.first_page	✓		✓
biblio.issue	✓	✓	✓
biblio.last_page	✓		✓
biblio.volume	✓	✓	✓

Citation Normalized Percentile

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_10_percent	✓	✓	✓
citation_normalized_percentile.is_in_top_1_percent	✓	✓	✓
citation_normalized_percentile.value	✓		✓

Cited By Percentile Year

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
cited_by_percentile_year.max	✓	✓	✓
cited_by_percentile_year.min	✓	✓	✓

Concept

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
concept.id		✓	✓

Concepts

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
concepts.id	✓	✓	✓
concepts.wikidata	✓	✓	✓

Default

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
default.search (deprecated)			✓

Display Name

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
display_name.search (deprecated)			✓
display_name.search.no_stem (deprecated)			✓

Fulltext

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
fulltext.search (deprecated)			✓

Funders

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
funders.id	✓	✓	✓

Has Content

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
has_content.grobid_xml	✓	✓	✓
has_content.pdf	✓	✓	✓

Ids

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
ids.mag	✓		✓
ids.openalex	✓	✓	✓
ids.pmcid	✓		✓
ids.pmid	✓		✓

Institution

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
institution.id		✓	✓

Institution Assertions

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
institution_assertions.country_code	✓	✓	✓
institution_assertions.id	✓	✓	✓
institution_assertions.lineage	✓	✓	✓
institution_assertions.ror	✓	✓	✓
institution_assertions.type	✓	✓	✓

Institutions

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
institutions.continent		✓	✓
institutions.country_code	✓	✓	✓
institutions.id	✓	✓	✓
institutions.is_global_south	✓	✓	✓
institutions.ror	✓	✓	✓
institutions.type	✓	✓	✓

Keyword

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
keyword.search (deprecated)	✓		✓

Keywords

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
keywords.id	✓	✓	✓

Locations

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
locations.is_accepted	✓	✓	✓
locations.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
locations.is_published	✓	✓	✓
locations.landing_page_url	✓	✓	✓
locations.license	✓	✓	✓
locations.license_id	✓	✓	✓
locations.raw_type			✓
locations.source.has_issn	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.host_institution_lineage	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.host_organization	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.host_organization_lineage	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.id	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.is_core	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.is_in_doaj	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.issn	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.publisher_lineage	✓	✓	✓
locations.source.type	✓	✓	✓
locations.version	✓	✓	✓

Open Access

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
open_access.any_repository_has_fulltext	✓	✓	✓
open_access.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
open_access.oa_status	✓	✓	✓

Primary Location

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
primary_location.is_accepted	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.is_published	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.landing_page_url	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.license	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.license_id	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.raw_type			✓
primary_location.source.has_issn	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.host_institution_lineage	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.host_organization	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.host_organization_lineage	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.id	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.is_core	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.is_in_doaj	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.is_oa	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.issn	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.publisher_lineage	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.source.type	✓	✓	✓
primary_location.version	✓	✓	✓

Primary Topic

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
primary_topic.domain.id	✓	✓	✓
primary_topic.field.id	✓	✓	✓
primary_topic.id	✓	✓	✓
primary_topic.subfield.id	✓	✓	✓

Raw Affiliation Strings

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
raw_affiliation_strings.search (deprecated)			✓

Raw Author Name

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
raw_author_name.search (deprecated)			✓

Semantic

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
semantic.search (deprecated)			✓

Sustainable Development Goals

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
sustainable_development_goals.id	✓	✓	✓
sustainable_development_goals.score	✓		✓

Title

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
title.search (deprecated)			✓
title.search.no_stem (deprecated)			✓

Title And Abstract

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
title_and_abstract.search (deprecated)			✓
title_and_abstract.search.no_stem (deprecated)			✓

Topics

Field	Sort	Group_by	Filter
topics.domain.id	✓	✓	✓
topics.field.id	✓	✓	✓
topics.id	✓	✓	✓
topics.subfield.id	✓	✓	✓